France runs one of Europe’s most tightly controlled gambling markets, and one of its most unusual. You can legally bet on football, horse racing and poker online, but online casino games like slots, roulette and blackjack are banned outright. The body that enforces that line is the Autorité Nationale des Jeux (ANJ), France’s national gambling authority, which took over from the online regulator ARJEL in 2020 and now oversees the whole sector, from the FDJ lottery to licensed betting sites.
This review covers what the ANJ regulates, what’s legal online in France and the long-running online casino debate, how an ANJ licence works and who holds one, the 2025 tax rises, player protections including the national gambling ban, the free mediator, and the ANJ’s enforcement record against illegal sites. Facts come from the ANJ’s own reports, decisions and licence list, and from French parliamentary records, checked on 16 October 2026.
Short answer: an ANJ licence is a strong safety signal. Licensed sites must make you set deposit and betting limits before you play, check a national exclusion file, and cap payouts, and a free mediator handles disputes. But it covers only betting and poker, and any site offering online casino games to French players is, by definition, illegal.
The ANJ at a glance (verified 16 October 2026)
What Is the Autorité Nationale des Jeux?
The ANJ is an independent administrative authority (autorité administrative indépendante) created by an ordinance of 2 October 2019, during the privatisation of La Française des Jeux (FDJ). It became operational in June 2020, replacing ARJEL, which had regulated online gambling since the 12 May 2010 law that opened French online betting and poker to competition. Where ARJEL covered only online play, the ANJ regulates the whole market under one roof.
- Leadership: a nine-member college. Pascal Chevremont has been president since June 2026, succeeding Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin, who led the ANJ from its creation. A separate sanctions commission of judges decides penalties.
- Size: about 80 staff and a 2025 budget of €12.2 million, based in Issy-les-Moulineaux, just outside Paris.
- Remit: licensed online sports betting, horse betting and poker; the exclusive rights of FDJ (lottery and retail sports betting) and PMU (retail horse betting); and the prevention of excessive gambling in land-based casinos, which are otherwise supervised by the Interior Ministry.
Its four statutory goals are preventing excessive gambling and protecting minors, keeping games honest and transparent, balancing the different gambling sectors, and fighting fraud and money laundering. Its 2024-2026 strategic plan puts one target above the rest: cutting the share of operators’ revenue that comes from excessive players.
What Gambling Is Legal Online in France?
French law allows only three types of online gambling to be licensed. Everything else played online for money is illegal:
| Product | Legal online? | Who can offer it |
|---|---|---|
| Sports betting | Yes | ANJ-licensed operators |
| Horse-race betting (pool betting only) | Yes | ANJ-licensed operators |
| Poker | Yes | ANJ-licensed operators |
| Lottery and scratch games | Yes | FDJ only (monopoly) |
| Online casino games: slots, roulette, blackjack | No | Nobody |
| Prediction markets | No | Nobody (Polymarket blocked in July 2026) |
So is online casino legal in France? No. The regulator states plainly that online casino games “remain strictly prohibited”. There have been attempts to change that. In autumn 2024 the government floated legalising online casinos in its 2025 budget, then withdrew the amendment after a backlash from land-based casinos and the mayors of casino towns, and the debate stalled when the government fell that December. In June 2025 the government said legalisation “does not appear appropriate” because of the health risks, and the ANJ’s then-president called online casino “probably the most addictive product in the whole sector”. We found no bill to legalise it as of October 2026.
How an ANJ Licence Works
An ANJ licence (agrément) is granted for one product category at a time (sports betting, horse betting or poker) and lasts five years. It can be renewed but not sold or transferred. Any company established in the EU or EEA can apply, unless it’s based in a jurisdiction France lists as non-cooperative. The ANJ has four months to decide, and silence counts as refusal.
The technical demands are what set France apart:
- A data vault (coffre): every licensee must record every player action in a certified digital vault that the ANJ can inspect, certified within six months of launch and every year after.
- Software approval: every game platform must be approved by the ANJ before use; it granted 106 approvals in 2025.
- Payout cap: betting operators may not pay back more than 85% of stakes on average. Several have been fined for exceeding it.
- A licence can be lost: in May 2026 the ANJ revoked the licence of the Vibrez! brand after a change of owner, because licences can’t be transferred.
The ANJ doesn’t publish licence fees. These are the 16 operators on its list of licensed operators on 16 October 2026:
| Operator | Licensed sites | Licences |
|---|---|---|
| Betclic Enterprises | betclic.fr | Sports, horse, poker |
| FDJ Online Betting and Gaming France | unibet.fr, zeturf.fr | Sports, horse, poker |
| Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU) | pmu.fr | Sports, horse, poker |
| Hillside (New Media Malta) | bet365.fr | Sports, horse, poker |
| Winamax | winamax.fr | Sports, poker |
| Reel Malta | pokerstars.fr, betstars.fr | Sports, poker |
| B.E.S. | bwin.fr, partypoker.fr | Sports, poker |
| Genybet | genybet.fr | Sports, horse |
| Betsson France | betsson.fr | Sports |
| Netbet FR | netbet.fr, netbetsport.fr | Sports |
| VBET France | vbet.fr | Sports |
| FP Opérateur | olybet.fr | Sports |
| Feeling Publishing | feelingbet.fr | Sports |
| BCFR2 | circusbet.fr | Sports |
| BCFR4 | daznbet.fr | Sports |
| La Différenciation Évidente | yesorno-jeu.fr | Sports |
Some ANJ pages still say 17; the difference is Vibrez!, revoked in May 2026. Two brand changes catch out older guides: FDJ folded ParionsSport en ligne and ZEbet into Unibet in 2026 after buying Kindred, and bet365 joined the French market in 2026.
France Gambling Tax: Among the Highest in Europe
Since 2020 French online gambling has mostly been taxed on gross gaming revenue (stakes minus winnings). The 2025 social security budget raised the burden sharply from 1 July 2025:
| Product | What operators pay |
|---|---|
| Online sports betting | Total levies of 59.3% of gross gaming revenue (social contribution raised from 10.6% to 15%) |
| Online poker | 10% of gross gaming revenue (previously 0.2% of stakes) |
| Online horse betting | Unchanged in 2025 |
| Advertising and promotion | New 15% levy on spending (sports sponsorship exempt; not horse betting) |
For players, the rule that matters more is the 85% payout cap on betting, which limits how generous odds can be on average. Gambling taxes are a big earner for the state; in 2023 specific gambling taxes raised €5 billion, plus €1.1 billion in social levies.
Player Protection at ANJ-Licensed Sites
An ANJ licence comes with protections built into every account:
- Limits before you play: you must set a weekly deposit limit before your first deposit and a weekly betting limit before your first bet. Poker sites must also ask for a playing-time limit. You also set an automatic withdrawal threshold.
- Self-exclusion at the operator: any length from 24 hours to 12 months, always available.
- The national ban: every licensed site must check the ANJ’s national exclusion file before letting anyone play (see below).
- Age and identity checks: 18+ only, with identity, age, address and payment account verified.
- Excessive-play detection: operators must spot and support excessive players and leave them out of marketing.
The ANJ’s own data show why this matters. In May 2026 it published results from an algorithm it developed: about 600,000 online players, 8.7% of account holders, show a high probability of excessive play, and they generate 60% of online gambling revenue. In July 2026 an operator was fined €500,000 for failing to identify and support such players.
Advertising is allowed but managed. Every operator must submit its annual promotional strategy for ANJ approval, and for 2026 the ANJ told all operators not to exceed their announced budgets after planned spending jumped 25% to €785 million in a World Cup year. Public-health groups such as Addictions France say that isn’t enough, and Parliament rejected the ANJ’s proposal for a ban on betting ads around live matches in July 2026.
How to Register for France's National Gambling Ban
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Step 1
Go to the ANJ's official portal for the voluntary gambling ban (interdiction volontaire de jeux) at interdictiondejeux.anj.fr.
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Step 2
Upload a copy of your ID and complete the live selfie check that confirms your identity.
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Step 3
Submit the request. It is personal and confidential, and was processed in about three working days in 2025.
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Step 4
The ban covers all casinos and gaming clubs, every ANJ-licensed betting and poker site, and FDJ and PMU games played with an account.
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Step 5
It lasts at least three years. After that you can ask for it to be lifted at any time.
The file is growing fast: 87,182 people were registered at the end of 2025, up 19% in a year, with 21,924 new entries in 2025 alone.
Complaints: The Gambling Mediator
France gives players something many regulators don’t: an official mediator (médiateur des jeux) for disputes with licensed operators and with FDJ and PMU. Since December 2024 the role has been held by Jérôme Gallot. Here’s how it works:
- Complain to the operator in writing first. About 90% of inadmissible cases in 2025 were rejected because this step was skipped.
- Wait for the answer, or 20 days. Then you can refer the dispute to the mediator online, by post or by email to [email protected].
- Admissibility is decided within three weeks, and the operator is asked to respond within 20 days.
- You get a proposed solution, usually within about a month (the legal maximum is 90 days). It isn’t binding, and you can still go to court.
The mediator received 1,856 requests in 2025, up 20%, over 90% of them about sports betting. Typical disputes involve blocked or closed accounts, slow withdrawals, bet settlement and welcome offers. 64% of the mediator’s proposals were accepted in 2025, up from 46% in 2024, though the mediator noted that Winamax withdrew from more than a third of its cases. The mediator can’t help with illegal sites.
How to Check if a French Betting Site Is ANJ Licensed
Checking takes a minute:
- Open the ANJ’s list of licensed operators and find the operator and the exact website address.
- Check the domain. Every licensed French site in the list uses a .fr address. A .com version of a brand isn’t covered.
- Check what it offers. If a site offers slots, roulette or blackjack to French players, it isn’t legal, whatever licence it claims.
- Don’t rely on the blacklist alone. The ANJ publishes a list of blocked sites but says it’s not exhaustive: a site that isn’t on the licensed list is illegal even if it hasn’t been blocked yet.
Enforcement: Blocking the Illegal Market
Since a law of 2 March 2022, the ANJ president can order internet providers to block illegal gambling sites, and search engines to delist them, without going to court. Blocking that used to take six to nine months through a judge now takes about two:
| Year | Blocking orders | URLs blocked |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 262 | 1,274 |
| 2024 | 232 | 1,337 |
| 2025 | 227 | 1,290 (plus 398 closed voluntarily after notice) |
Most targets are mirror sites of the same offshore brands, and the regulator admits blocking alone isn’t enough when players use VPNs. Its 2023 study with PwC estimated the illegal online market at €748 million to €1.5 billion a year, 5–11% of the French market, with half of illegal traffic going to online casinos and 79% of illegal revenue coming from at-risk players. An industry group lobbying for legalisation put the 2025 figure at about €2 billion, a number public-health and casino groups dispute.
Operating an illegal gambling site carries up to three years in prison and a €90,000 fine; advertising one, a €100,000 fine. In October 2025 the managers of Cresus Casino were arrested after the regulator worked with the courts.
Licensed operators face the ANJ’s sanctions commission. The largest fine so far is €800,000 in March 2025, against an operator whose iOS app turned 12-month self-exclusions into 12 days for almost two years. Others include €500,000 (July 2026, failure to support excessive players), €75,000 for data-archiving failures, and smaller fines and warnings for breaching the 85% payout cap. The first anti-money laundering sanction followed in September 2026. One criticism: the regulator usually anonymises the operators it fines, so players can’t easily see who was penalised.
France protects players inside its legal market better than most regulators. The hard part is the market it refuses to license.
French Betting Sites, Poker Rooms and Casinos
The legal online market is big: €2.6 billion in gross gaming revenue in 2025, from 4.2 million players with 6.1 million accounts. Sports betting made up €1.77 billion, poker €525 million and horse betting €326 million. Betclic, Winamax, Unibet, PMU, bet365 and PokerStars are among the best-known licensed brands, and Winamax and PokerStars dominate online poker.
If you’re searching for a French online casino, there’s no legal one. Offshore sites that accept French players, often licensed in Curaçao or elsewhere, operate illegally in France: you get no limits, no national ban check and no mediator. As we review French-licensed betting and poker operators, they appear automatically in the list at the bottom of this page, ranked by FAQsino Trust Score.
Real casinos are a different story. France has around 200 land-based casinos, run by groups such as Barrière and Partouche, which took €2.8 billion in 2025 from 31.6 million visits. They’re licensed and supervised by the Interior Ministry, with the ANJ responsible only for their excessive-gambling prevention plans.
France vs Spain, Germany and the UK
How France compares with the other large European regulated markets:
| France (ANJ) | Spain (DGOJ) | Germany (GGL) | UK (UKGC) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Online casino legal? | No | Yes | Slots yes; table games only where a state allows | Yes |
| Online tax | 59.3% of GGR on sports betting | 20% of GGR | 5.3% of stakes | 40% of profits |
| National self-exclusion | Yes, minimum 3 years | Yes (RGIAJ) | Yes (OASIS) | Yes (GAMSTOP) |
| Signature player rule | 85% payout cap on betting | Default deposit limits | €1,000 monthly deposit cap | £5 slot stake cap (£2 for 18–24s) |
France is the only one of the four that bans online casino entirely, and its betting tax is the heaviest. Its free mediator gives players a dispute route that Germany’s GGL doesn’t offer.
Our Verdict on the Autorité Nationale des Jeux
Inside its legal market, the ANJ delivers some of Europe’s strongest player protection: compulsory limits at sign-up, a national ban that covers online sites, FDJ, PMU and casinos alike, an 85% payout cap, its own excessive-play algorithm, and a free mediator whose proposals are now accepted two times in three. Its reports are detailed and its blocking powers are real.
The weaknesses sit at the edges. Fines are modest for a €14 billion market and usually anonymised, advertising pressure keeps rising despite its efforts, and the ban on online casino leaves a sizeable illegal market that blocking alone can’t shut.
For players in France, the rule is simple: bet and play poker only on .fr sites from the ANJ’s licensed list, and treat any online casino offer as illegal.
